In reading 4.1, the article entitled ‘Body language that speaks to muggers’ covers about unpublished study by two New York psychologists named Betty Grayson and Morris Stein. The study is about who got ‘muggability’ ratings of 60 New York City pedestrians from the people who may be most qualified to judge prison inmates who had been convicted of physical attack. Fundamentally, pedestrians may signal criminals that they are easy target for mugging by the way they walk. It is proven that generally the people rated most muggable walked as if they were in conflict with themselves where they seemed to make each move in the hardest way possible. Besides, according to the reasonable point of view offered by the Crime Prevention Section of the New York City Police Department, crime victim characteristically walk around and unaware to what goes on around them.
In reading 4.3, Shuhaili and Elly were presented topic entitled ‘What is the evidence?’ In this topic, it is concerned with the matter of evidence. Essentially, there are two types of evidences which are circumstantial and testimonial. As I know, circumstantial evidence is where not overall trustworthy as a basis for determining guilt. On the other hand, testimonial evidence is like eyewitnesses who give evidence that they themselves have seen the accused commit the crime. Then, the writer clarifies about the quality of evidence in historical treatment of past event. Additionally, he argues that a reader should uphold a critical stance towards everything that is read as well as always asking the evidence before drawing a conclusion. So now I am tried to be very careful and vigilant before trust and believe anything that I read by knowing the evidence and conformation.
In reading 4.4, Shamsinar and Atiqah were presented the topic entitled ‘Statistic’. I have learned and concerned with the use and misuse of statistics and is intended to concern readers into a more informed response to texts that link facts and figures. Essentially, statistics has two meaning which is refers to information about any phenomenon or activity expressed in numerical form and denotes the art and science of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Besides, there are four commons ‘statistical slips’ that can be made which are unqualified averages, fallacious sampling, percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers and misleading presentation.
In reading 4.5, Nasrul and Firdaus were presented two topics entitled ‘Crooked and fallacious thinking’ and ‘more of crooked and fallacious thinking’. Basically, I have learned that crooked and fallacious thinking is not only evidence of illogical mental processes and poor communication skills. It is for the reason that it is also a manipulative tool in the hands of writers/speakers wishing to influence and affect the judgment of their readers/listeners. To put it more simply, there is goal to influence someone towards a particular belief or course of action which are likely to encounter examples of crooked and fallacious thinking. Moreover, there are eleven ‘devices’ which has been examined in the two topics. Hence, now I know why I am very attract and like ‘Kentucky Fried Chicken’. Yes, it is crooked and fallacious thinking where the picture of delicious and yummy chicken has manipulated my mind as well as my stomach.
In reading 4.3, Shuhaili and Elly were presented topic entitled ‘What is the evidence?’ In this topic, it is concerned with the matter of evidence. Essentially, there are two types of evidences which are circumstantial and testimonial. As I know, circumstantial evidence is where not overall trustworthy as a basis for determining guilt. On the other hand, testimonial evidence is like eyewitnesses who give evidence that they themselves have seen the accused commit the crime. Then, the writer clarifies about the quality of evidence in historical treatment of past event. Additionally, he argues that a reader should uphold a critical stance towards everything that is read as well as always asking the evidence before drawing a conclusion. So now I am tried to be very careful and vigilant before trust and believe anything that I read by knowing the evidence and conformation.
In reading 4.4, Shamsinar and Atiqah were presented the topic entitled ‘Statistic’. I have learned and concerned with the use and misuse of statistics and is intended to concern readers into a more informed response to texts that link facts and figures. Essentially, statistics has two meaning which is refers to information about any phenomenon or activity expressed in numerical form and denotes the art and science of collecting, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data. Besides, there are four commons ‘statistical slips’ that can be made which are unqualified averages, fallacious sampling, percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers and misleading presentation.
In reading 4.5, Nasrul and Firdaus were presented two topics entitled ‘Crooked and fallacious thinking’ and ‘more of crooked and fallacious thinking’. Basically, I have learned that crooked and fallacious thinking is not only evidence of illogical mental processes and poor communication skills. It is for the reason that it is also a manipulative tool in the hands of writers/speakers wishing to influence and affect the judgment of their readers/listeners. To put it more simply, there is goal to influence someone towards a particular belief or course of action which are likely to encounter examples of crooked and fallacious thinking. Moreover, there are eleven ‘devices’ which has been examined in the two topics. Hence, now I know why I am very attract and like ‘Kentucky Fried Chicken’. Yes, it is crooked and fallacious thinking where the picture of delicious and yummy chicken has manipulated my mind as well as my stomach.
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